基于自适应响应面法的地铁车辆空压机框架结构优化设计
周锦柯宫岛刘广宇
Optimization Design of Metro Vehicle Air Compressor Frame Structure Based on Adaptive Response Surface Method
ZHOU Jinke GONG DaoLIU Guangyu
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作者信息:同济大学铁道与城市轨道交通研究院，201804，上海
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Affiliation:Institute of Rail Transit, Tongji University, 201804, Shanghai, China
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关键词:
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Key words:
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DOI:10.16037/j.1007-869x.2024.08.005
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中图分类号/CLCN:TH138.21∶U270.2
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栏目/Col:研究报告
摘要:
［目的］建立地铁车辆空压机框架的有限元模型，通过模态试验和振动测试进行校核，发现干燥器框架垂向弯曲模态频率与电机倍频相重合，且隔振率较低。在满足模态频率和隔振率要求的前提下，综合有限元法与最优化技术，对空压机框架进行结构优化设计。［方法］以空压机框架厚度为优化变量，首先进行DOE（试验设计），获取不同的空压机框架样本，通过移动最小二乘法建立空压机框架近似模型。基于此近似模型，以框架垂向一阶弯曲模态频率、干燥器框架垂向弯曲模态频率和隔振率为优化目标，通过自适应响应面法进行优化设计，得到框架参数的最优方案。［结果及结论］与优化前相比较，优化后的框架垂向一阶弯曲和干燥器框架垂向弯曲模态频率与轨道激励频率(一般为15.0Hz)、电机旋转基频(24.5Hz)及倍频相差3.0Hz以上，达到最佳可避免共振条件，且隔振率能够提高20%~25%，而总质量仅增加6%。
Abstracts:
［Objective］ A finite element model of metro vehicle air compressor frame is established and verified through modal testing and vibration testing. It is found that the vertical bending modal frequency of the dryer frame coincides with motor harmonic frequency and the vibration isolation rate is relatively low. Under the premise of meeting modal frequency and vibration isolation rate requirements, a structural optimization design of air compressor frame is carried out by integrating finite element method and optimization techniques. ［Method］ Taking the thickness of the air compressor frame as the optimization variable, DOE (design of experiment) is firstly carried out to obtain different samples of air compressor frame, then an approximate model of air compressor frame is established using the Moving Least Squares method. Based on this approximate model, with vertical first-order bending modal frequency of the frame, vertical bending modal frequency of dryer frame and vibration isolation rate as optimization objectives, an optimization design is performed using the adaptive response surface method to obtain the optimal scheme of frame parameters. ［Result & Conclusion］ Results show that, compared to before optimization, the vertical first-order bending and the dryer frame vertical bending modal frequencies after optimization are both more than 3.0 Hz different from the rail excitation frequency (typically 15.0 Hz), motor rotation fundamental frequency (24.5 Hz), and harmonics; reaching the optimal avoidance of resonance conditions, and the vibration isolation rate can be increased by 20% to 25%, while the total mass only increases by 6%.
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