EPB/TBM双模盾构机硬岩掘进卡机脱困技术
段岳强
Unstuck Technology for EPB/TBM Dual Mode Shield Machine Stuck in Rock Stratum
DUAN Yueqiang
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作者信息:中交一公局厦门工程有限公司，361021，厦门
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Affiliation:CCCC First Highway Xiamen Engineering Co., Ltd., 361021, Xiamen, China
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关键词:
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Key words:
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DOI:10.16037/j.1007-869x.2025.01.043
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中图分类号/CLCN:U455.43
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栏目/Col:应用技术
摘要:
［目的］EPB(土压平衡盾构机)/TBM(全断面硬岩掘进机)双模盾构机在掘进过程中由于刀具磨损过于严重，掘进参数设置不当等问题，易引起卡机等事故，进而严重影响施工工期，甚至引发安全事故，需对EPB/TBM双模盾构机硬岩掘进卡机脱困技术进行研究。［方法］依托深圳地铁8号线二期三工区大梅沙站—小梅沙站区间隧道工程，基于EPB/TBM双模盾构机在全断面微风化硬岩掘进过程中的卡机事故全过程，系统地阐述了EPB/TBM双模盾构机的卡机脱困流程，并对卡机至脱困过程的掘进参数演变规律进行分析，总结盾构机卡机事故原因，并提出对应的预防措施及建议。［结果及结论］盾构机卡机主要由多因素共同作用引起，其中刀盘及刀具的异常磨损是核心原因之一。通过及时排查相关掘进参数的异常变化，如盾构掘进速度骤降，刀盘扭矩骤降，总顶推力显著提升，可提前预警甚至避免卡机现象的发生。排查时结合对刀盘和土仓内渣土堆积情况的综合判定，能够显著减少卡机现象的发生并防止其进一步加剧。通过盾构机卡机位置确定、切口环岩体破除、顶撑工装焊接、盾构机试推进、第一部分盾体切割及岩体破除、第二部分盾体切割及岩体破除、切割盾体原位焊接及盾构机恢复掘进等工序可实现成功脱困。
Abstracts:
［Objective］ During the tunneling process of the EPB (earth pressure balance shield machine)/TBM (full-face hard rock tunnel boring machine) dual-mode shield tunneling machine, problems such as excessive wear of the cutting tools and improper setting of tunneling parameters are prone to cause accidents like jamming, which will further seriously affect the construction period and even lead to safety accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research on the unstuck technology of the EPB/TBM dual-mode shield tunneling machine from jamming during hard rock tunneling. ［Method］ In the Dameisha Station- Xiaomeisha Station tunnel of the Construction Area 3, Phase II project on Shenzhen Metro Line 8, based on the whole process of the jamming accident of the EPB/TBM dual-mode shield tunneling machine during the full-face slightly weathered hard rock tunneling, the process of the EPB/TBM dual-mode shield tunneling machine unstuck from jamming is systematically elaborated, and the evolution law of the tunneling parameters from jamming to unstuck is analyzed. Then the causes of the jamming accidents are summarized, and corresponding preventive measures and suggestions are put forward. ［Result & Conclusion］ The jamming of shield tunneling machine is mainly caused by the combined effects of multiple factors, among which the abnormal wear of the cutter head and cutting tools is one of the core reasons. By promptly investigating the abnormal changes in relevant tunneling parameters, such as sudden drops in the tunneling speed of the shield machine, or in the torque of the cutter head, and a significant increase in the total thrust force, the occurrence of jamming can be predicted in advance or even avoided. A comprehensive judgment of the muck accumulation in the cutter head and the earth chamber during investigation can significantly reduce the occurrence of jamming and prevent it from further aggravating. Successful escaping can be achieved through procedures such as determining the jamming position of the shield tunneling machine, breaking through the rock mass of the cutting ring, welding the jacking and bracing fixtures, conducting a trial propulsion of the shield tunneling machine, cutting the first part of the shield body and breaking through the rock mass, cutting the second part of the shield body and breaking through the rock mass, in-situ welding of the cut shield body, and resuming the tunneling of the shield tunneling machine
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