有轨电车液压制动力控制电磁阀应用
张彦伟1毛景禄1王聪1王中祥1郝欣欣2
Application of Solenoid Valves for Tram Hydraulic Braking Force Control
ZHANG Yanwei1MAO Jinglu1WANG Cong1WANG Zhongxiang1HAO Xinxin2
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作者信息:1.中车制动系统有限公司，266031，青岛
2.青岛市能源保障中心，266071，青岛
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Affiliation:1.CRRC Qingdao CRRC Brake System Co., Ltd., 266031, Qingdao, China
2.Qingdao Energy Security Center, 266071, Qingdao, China
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关键词:
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Key words:
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DOI:10.16037/j.1007-869x.2025.01.054
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中图分类号/CLCN:U482.1
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栏目/Col:应用技术
摘要:
［目的］有轨电车液压制动系统中的控制电磁阀主要包括比例减压阀和高速开关阀。比例减压阀因结构特性，耐污能力差，故障率高；而高速开关阀技术目前仅有克诺尔公司应用，国内厂家鲜有涉及。需对比两种控制电磁阀在液压制动力控制中的应用，评估其结构、工作原理及闭环控制性能，为有轨电车液压制动力控制系统设计提供参考。［方法］介绍了比例减压阀和高速开关阀两种液压制动力控制电磁阀的结构和工作原理，详细阐述了基于比例减压阀和高速开关阀的液压制动力控制原理。搭建有轨电车液压制动力控制试验台，采用闭环控制算法对高速开关阀和比例减压阀分别进行0.5Hz和1.0Hz正弦波的压力跟随试验，对比实际压力曲线和目标压力曲线的跟随情况。［结果及结论］基于高速开关阀工作原理的液压制动系统，制动力闭环控制精度高，适用于需要制动力精准控制、自动对标的全自动运行线路；高速开关阀制动力控制响应快，防滑能力突出，可减小车轮擦伤风险；高速开关阀相比于比例减压阀具有耐污能力强的特点，可以降低制动系统故障率。基于高速开关阀原理的液压制动系统值得在有轨电车液压制动技术领域推广运用。
Abstracts:
［Objective］ The control solenoid valves in the hydraulic braking system of trams mainly include proportional pressure reducing valve and high-speed switching valve. Due to the structural characteristics, the former is poor in pollution resistance and has high failure rate. While the latter is presently only used by Knorr-Bremse, and few domestic manufacturers are involved in it. It is necessary to compare the two types of control solenoid valves application in the control of hydraulic braking force, evaluate their structures, working principles, and closed-loop control performance, so as to provide references for the design of the tram hydraulic braking force control system. ［Method］ The structures and working principles of the two types of solenoid valves for hydraulic braking force control, namely proportional pressure reducing valve and high-speed switching valves, are introduced. The hydraulic braking force control principle based on the two types of valves are elaborated in detail. A test bench for the tram hydraulic braking force control is set up, and pressure following tests with 0.5 Hz and 1.0 Hz sinusoidal waves are carried out on the two types of valves respectively by using closed-loop control algorithms. The following situations of the actual pressure curves and the target pressure curves are compared. ［Result & Conclusion］ The hydraulic braking system based on the working principle of high-speed switching valve has a high precision of closed-loop control for braking force, and is applicable to fully automatic operation lines that require precise control and automatic calibration of braking force. This valve has fast response to braking force control and outstanding anti-slip ability, conductive to reducing the risk of wheel abrasion. Compared with proportional pressure reducing valve, the high-speed switching valve features strong pollution resistance, which can lower the failure rate of the braking system. Therefore, the hydraulic braking system based on the principle of high-speed switching valve is worthy of being popularized and applied in the field of hydraulic braking technology for trams.
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