高速铁路动车组垂向减振器安装螺栓松脱原因分析及解决措施
韩光旭范军刘昊付媛媛
Cause Analysis and Solution for Vertical Damper Mounting Bolt Loosening in High-Speed Railway EMU
HAN GuangxuFAN JunLIU HaoFU Yuanyuan
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作者信息:中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司国家轨道客车工程研究中心，130062，长春
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Affiliation:National Engineering Research Center of Railway Vehicles, CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co., Ltd., 130062, Changchun, China
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Key words:
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DOI:10.16037/j.1007-869x.2025.02.004
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中图分类号/CLCN:U270.34
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栏目/Col:学术专论
摘要:
［目的］我国某型高速铁路动车组运行途中二系垂向减振器下端橡胶节点(以下简称“下端节点”)安装螺栓发生松脱，需查明螺栓松脱的原因，并找到解决问题的相关措施。［方法］简述了减振器的结构组成。针对导致螺栓松脱的3个可能原因，对减振器的设计结构进行校核及生产过程检查，发现减振器下端节点的扭转刚度超过运用最大允许值，反向校核得到计算工况下的螺栓松动条件。按动车组实际运用条件进行了台架试验及线路试验，以验证并确定螺栓松动的具体原因。基于螺栓松动的原因，提出了3个相应的解决措施，并通过台架试验验证了所提措施的有效性。［结果及结论］减振器安装螺栓发生松脱，其原因是受到紧固力矩降低、接触面摩擦因数减小、下端节点扭转刚度增大等不利条件的综合作用。优化装配膏涂抹工艺、降低下端节点的扭转刚度、提高紧固力矩的标称值，能够有效防止螺栓发生松脱。
Abstracts:
［Objective］ During the operation of a certain type of high-speed EMU (electric multiple units) in China, the mounting bolts at lower rubber joint of the secondary vertical damper (hereinafter referred to as the ′lower joint′) experience loosening. It is necessary to identify the cause of the bolt loosening and propose effective solutions. ［Method］ The structural composition of the damper is briefly described. To address three potential causes of bolt loosening, the damper design structure is checked and the production process is inspected. It is found that the torsional stiffness of the lower joints exceeds the maximum permissible value during operation. Reverse verification reveals the conditions triggering bolt loosening under calculation working conditions. Bench tests and field trials under actual EMU operating conditions are conducted to verify and identify the specific causes of bolt loosening. Based on the identified causes, three corresponding solutions are proposed and their effectiveness are verified through bench tests. ［Result & Conclusion］ The loosening of the damper mounting bolts is attributed to a combined effects of the adverse conditions including reduced tightening torque, decreased friction coefficient of the contact surface, and increased torsional stiffness of the lower joint. Optimizing the application process of assembly paste, reducing the torsional stiffness of the lower joint, and increasing the nominal tightening torque can effectively prevent bolt loosening.
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