城市轨道交通车辆转向架构架组焊夹具通用化结构方案设计
王大路
Generalized Structural Design Scheme for Bogie Frame Assembly Welding Fixtures in Urban Rail Transit Vehicles
WANG Dalu
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作者信息:中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司工程技术中心，130062，长春
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Affiliation:Engineering Technology Center, CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co., Ltd., 130062, Changchun, China
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关键词:
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Key words:
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DOI:10.16037/j.1007-869x.2025.02.021
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中图分类号/CLCN:U270.33
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栏目/Col:研究报告
摘要:
［目的］传统的城市轨道交通车辆转向架构架组焊夹具不能满足降低生产成本、简化操作难度、提高工艺装备利用率、节约场地空间等使用要求，需要采用更为合理的机械机构设计理念，优化夹具结构，形成通用化的结构设计方案。［方法］罗列了既有城市轨道交通车辆转向架构架的4种主要结构形式，总结出这些结构形式夹具的通用化设计原则。在确定定位基准面和止推定位基准面选择方案、明确夹具夹紧方式的基础上，对夹具的通用化结构方案(定位结构、夹具结构等)进行了优化设计。对滑动螺旋传动方式下的螺旋副的许用应力、螺纹的自锁性能、螺母和螺杆的强度、螺纹强度等进行了验算，最终形成优化后的夹具通用化设计方案。［结果及结论］该优化方案采用了自定位、可单人操作的设计结构模式，能够保证组焊部件变形尺寸均分，且能降低因焊接变形引起的不等焊接公差。
Abstracts:
［Objective］ Conventional assembly welding fixtures for vehicle bogie frames in urban rail transit do not meet the requirements for reducing production costs, simplifying operational difficulty, improving the utilization rate of process equipment, and saving space. It is necessary to adopt more reasonable mechanical design concepts to optimize fixture structures and develop a generalized structural design scheme. ［Method］ Four main structural types of existing bogie frames for urban rail transit vehicles are listed, and the general design principles for fixtures associated with these structures are summarized. Based on determining the selection of reference positioning planes and thrust positioning reference planes, and clarifying the clamping method of the fixtures, the generalized structural design scheme (including positioning structure and clamping structure) is optimized. The allowable stress of the screw pair in the sliding screw drive, the self-locking performance of the thread, the strength of the nut and screw, and the thread strength are verified, resulting in an optimized generalized fixture design scheme. ［Result & Conclusion］ The optimized scheme adopts a self-positioning design structure that allows for single-person operation, ensuring even distribution of deformation dimensions in welded components and reducing unequal welding tolerances caused by welding deformation.
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