牵引变压器强油风冷散热动态仿真与控制
邵坤游永华易正明
Heat Dissipation Dynamic Simulation and Control of Forced Oil and Air-cooling in Traction Transformers
SHAO KunYOU YonghuaYI Zhengming
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作者信息:1.武汉科技大学耐火材料与冶金省部共建国家重点实验室，430081，武汉
2.武汉科技大学钢铁冶金及资源利用省部共建教育部重点实验室，430081，武汉
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Affiliation:1.The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 430081, Wuhan, China
2.Key Laboratory for Ferrous Metallurgy and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 430081, Wuhan, China
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关键词:
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Key words:
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DOI:10.16037/j.1007-869x.2025.03.014
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中图分类号/CLCN:U231.8；U264.36
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栏目/Col:研究报告
摘要:
［目的］牵引变压器通常采用强迫油循环与风扇强制对流相结合的方式散热，其散热效果对变压器寿命具有重要影响，因此有必要对牵引变压器强油风冷的散热过程进行深入研究。［方法］基于一维温度场假设，构建了变压器和油冷却器组件的分布参数模型，并整合了油泵、管道等的集中参数模型，形成一个完整的系统模型。随后，利用Matlab软件的Simulink工具包对该模型进行数值仿真，以探究牵引变压器在实际交变功率条件下的绕组和酯油温度动态行为。此外，还尝试将PID(比例-积分-微分)控制技术引入变压器散热系统。为验证模型准确性，将计算结果与文献中的试验值进行了对比。［结果及结论］在典型动态工况下，牵引变压器在低负载阶段的绕组温度呈现出明显的稳态特征；而在高负载阶段，绕组温度随时间迅速上升。通过采用PID方法控制油冷却器风机运转，可以将绕组温度稳定在允许的高位数值范围内，同时风机功耗相比传统启停控制方案降低了约13%。
Abstracts:
［Objective］ Traction transformers typically employ a combination of forced oil circulation and fan-forced convection for heat dissipation. The cooling performance of this method significantly impacts the transformer′s lifespan, making it essential to study the heat dissipation process of forced oil and air-cooling in traction transformers in depth. ［Method］ Based on a one-dimensional temperature field assumption, a distributed parameter model is developed for the transformer and oil cooler components, then integrated with a centralized parameter model for the oil pump, pipelines, and other components, forming a complete system model. Numerical simulations of this model are conducted using Matlab′s Simulink toolkit to investigate the dynamic temperature behaviors of transformer winding and ester oil under actual alternating power conditions. Additionally, PID (proportional-integral-derivative) control technology is tentatively introduced into the transformer cooling system. To verify the model′s accuracy, the calculated results are compared with experimental values reported in the literature. ［Result & Conclusion］ Under typical dynamic operating conditions, the winding temperature of traction transformer exhibits a steady-state characteristics during low-load phases, whereas it rises rapidly over time during high-load phases. By employing the PID method to control the operation of oil cooler fan, the winding temperature can be maintained within the allowable high-temperature range, while the fan power consumption is reduced by approximately 13% compared to traditional on-off control strategies.
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