基于极限分析上限法的隧道掌子面稳定性分析
孙来1,2李智3肖克锋3
Analysis of Tunnel Face Stability Based on Upper Bound Method of Limit Analysis
SUN Lai1,2LI Zhi3XIAO Kefeng3
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作者信息:1.四川交建天路建设工程有限责任公司，627350，甘孜州
2.四川省交通建设集团有限责任公司，610047，成都
3.西南交通大学地球科学与环境工程学院，611756，成都
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Affiliation:1.Sichuan Jiaojian Tianlu Construction Engineering Co., Ltd., 627350, Ganzizhou, China
2.Sichuan Transportation Construction Group Co., Ltd., 610047，Chengdu, China
3.Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 611756, Chengdu, China
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关键词:
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Key words:
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DOI:10.16037/j.1007-869x.2025.03.015
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中图分类号/CLCN:U455.43
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栏目/Col:研究报告
摘要:
［目的］在隧道开挖过程中，土体开挖导致掌子面前方形成临空面，为确保土体稳定，需在掌子面上施加适当的支护压力。因此，准确量化分析隧道开挖时掌子面的稳定性，并确定维持稳定所需的极限支护压力，具有关键意义。［方法］采用极限分析上限法，构建了一种可根据掌子面基本参数进行优化搜索的二维隧道掌子面破坏机构模型。通过推导内功率和外功率的计算公式，将掌子面稳定性分析问题转化为非线性优化求极值问题。在此基础上，计算了掌子面的安全系数与极限支护压力，并将计算结果与现有文献及OPTUMG2数值软件的计算结果进行了对比，验证了本方法的准确性和可靠性。此外，还深入探讨了土体黏聚力、内摩擦角及埋深比对掌子面稳定性的影响。［结果及结论］掌子面的稳定性随土体黏聚力和内摩擦角的增大而增强，表明黏聚力和内摩擦角对掌子面稳定性具有积极影响；随着隧道埋深比的增加，掌子面稳定性逐渐降低；然而，当埋深比达到足够大时，掌子面破坏机构的形状趋于稳定，此时掌子面稳定性几乎不再受埋深比的影响；此外，内摩擦角的增大能够减弱埋深比对掌子面稳定性的影响。
Abstracts:
［Objective］ During tunnel excavation, the reformation of a free surface ahead of the tunnel face due to soil removal necessitates the application of appropriate support pressure to ensure soil stability. Thus, it is necessary to accurately analyze tunnel face stability during tunnel excavation and determine the required ultimate support pressure to maintain stability. ［Method］ The upper bound method of limit analysis is employed to develop a two-dimensional failure mechanism model for tunnel faces, which allows for optimized searches based on basic parameters of tunnel face. By deriving the calculation formulas for internal and external powers, the problem of tunnel face stability analysis is transformed into a nonlinear optimization problem for finding the extreme value. On this basis, the safety factor and ultimate support pressure of the tunnel face are calculated, which are compared with the calculation results of existing literatures and the OPTUM G2 numerical software, validating the accuracy and reliability of the method. Additionally, the effects of soil cohesion force, internal friction angle, and depth-to-diameter ratio on tunnel face stability are thoroughly explored. ［Result & Conclusion］ Tunnel face stability improves with increasing soil cohesion force and internal friction angle, indicating their positive influence on stability. However, this stability decreases with an increase in the depth-to-diameter ratio; when the depth-to-diameter ratio reaches a sufficiently large value, the shape of the tunnel face failure mechanism tends to stabilize, and further increases in the ratio have minimal impact on stability. Furthermore, increasing internal friction angle can mitigate the adverse effect of the depth-to-diameter ratio on tunnel face stability.
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