基于频响应函数曲率微分相关性分析的钢轨轨底裂纹检测方法
龙建兵1徐鸿2张斌3
Detection Method for Rail Bottom Cracks Based on Frequency Response Function Curvature Differential Correlation Analysis
LONG Jianbing1XU Hong2ZHANG Bin3
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作者信息:1.宁波市轨道交通集团有限公司，315101，宁波
2.中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司，610031，成都
3.华东交通大学轨道交通基础设施性能监测与保障国家重点实验室，330013，南昌
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Affiliation:1.Ningbo Rail Transit Group Co., Ltd., 315101, Ningbo, China
2.China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co., Ltd., 610031, Chengdu, China
3.State Key Laboratory of Performance Monitoring and Protecting of Rail Transit Infrastructure, East China Jiaotong University, 330013, Nanchang, China
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关键词:
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Key words:
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DOI:10.16037/j.1007-869x.2025.03.018
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中图分类号/CLCN:U213.4
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栏目/Col:研究报告
摘要:
［目的］目前基于振动特征的检测方法广泛应用于城市轨道交通结构系统损伤监测，但在实际应用中，结构的模态振型很难获取，需探究更有效的钢轨轨底裂纹检测方法。［方法］提出了一种基于频响应函数变化的轨底裂纹检测新方法。首先，利用SDOF（单自由度）系统来说明裂纹引起的动力特性的变化，采用皮尔逊相关系数(Pearson Correlation Coefficient)来分析未损坏和损坏系统之间的FRF（频响应函数）、FRFC（频率响应函数曲率）和FRFCD（频率响应函数曲率微分）值的相关关系。以存在裂纹的钢轨为研究对象，通过有限元仿真与频响试验相结合的方法，研究了裂纹尺寸与FRF、FRFC、FRFCD值的相关系数之间的关系。［结果及结论］当钢轨结构完好时，FRF、FRFC和FRFCD值的相关系数接近1。当钢轨裂纹发生时，随着裂纹深度的增加，无裂纹与有裂纹钢轨的FRF、FRFC、FRFCD值相关系数的绝对值从1趋近于0，且FRFCD值相关系数对裂纹的敏感性远高于FRF和FRFC值相关系数。基于FRFCD相关系数的裂纹识别方法不会将非裂纹结构误判为裂纹结构。
Abstracts:
［Objective］ Detection methods based on vibration characteristics are widely applied for structural damage monitoring in urban rail transit systems. However, in practical applications, it is challenging to obtain the modal shapes of structures, necessitating the exploration of more effective methods for detecting rail bottom cracks. ［Method］ A new rail bottom crack detection method based on frequency response function (FRF) variation is proposed. First, a SDOF (single degree of freedom) system is used to illustrate the dynamic characteristic change induced by cracks. The Pearson Correlation Coefficient is employed to analyze the correlation between the FRF (frequency response function), FRFC (frequency response function curvature) and FRFCD (frequency response function curvature differentiation) of undamaged and damaged systems. Taking a cracked rail as the research subject, a combination of finite element simulation and frequency response experiments is used to investigate the relationship between crack size and the correlation coefficients of FRF, FRFC, and FRFCD. ［Result & Conclusion］ When the rail structure is intact, the correlation coefficients of FRF, FRFC, and FRFCD are close to 1. When a rail crack occurs, as the crack depth increases, the absolute values of the correlation coefficients between the intact and the cracked rail progressively decrease from 1 toward 0. Moreover, the FRFCD correlation coefficient exhibits significantly higher sensitivity to cracks compared to FRF and FRFC correlation coefficients. The crack identification method based on the FRFCD correlation coefficient effectively distinguishes cracked structures from intact ones, reducing false positives in crack structure.
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