基于不同本构模型的轨道车辆用橡胶弹簧刚度特性研究
邓梦君王喜利夏彰阳张玉祥罗俊
Study on Stiffness Characteristics of Rubber Springs for Rail Vehicles Based on Different Constitutive Models
DENG MengjunWANG XiliXIA ZhangyangZHANG YuxiangLUO Jun
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作者信息:株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司，412007，株洲
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Affiliation:Zhuzhou Times New Material Technology Co., Ltd., 412007, Zhuzhou, China
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关键词:
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Key words:
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DOI:10.16037/j.1007-869x.2025.03.031
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中图分类号/CLCN:U270.331
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栏目/Col:研究报告
摘要:
［目的］轨道交通用橡胶弹簧减振器的结构复杂，主要采用仿真手段预测其刚度特性，但不同的本构模型仿真结果差异较大。为此，对比分析了3种超弹性橡胶材料的应变能密度函数模型（即Yeoh模型、M-R模型、Ogden模型）及适用情形，以轨道交通车辆转向架中一系橡胶弹簧为研究对象，阐述其安装方式、功能特征、结构组成及性能要求，并从中选优。［方法］建立了一系橡胶弹簧静刚度特性的有限元分析方法，以力-位移曲线的贴合度和刚度偏差作为评价指标，对比分析了3种超弹性橡胶材料本构模型的拟合效果和计算精度。［结果及结论］结果表明，采用Yeoh模型计算得到的仿真值与试验值的偏差较大；采用M-R模型和Ogden模型的偏差较小；Ogden模型的拟合效果和计算精度均为最优。因此Ogden模型更适合用于轨道交通车辆转向架中一系橡胶弹簧静刚度特性的力学性能分析。
Abstracts:
［Objective］ The structure of rubber spring shock absorbers for rail transit is complex, its stiffness characteristics are mainly predicted by simulation methods, but simulation results of different constitutive models vary greatly. The Yeoh, Mooney-Rivlin and Ogden three strain energy density function models of hyperelastic rubber materials and their applicable scenarios are compared and analyzed. Using the primary rubber spring in the bogie of rail transit vehicles as the research object, the installation methods, functional characteristics, structural composition, and performance requirements are expounded, the best from them are selected. ［Method］ A finite element analysis method for the static stiffness characteristics of primary rubber springs is established. The fitting effectiveness and computational accuracy of three constitutive models for hyperelastic rubber materials are evaluated using the fit of force-displacement curves and stiffness deviation as assessment metrics. ［Result & Conclusion］ The results show that the deviation between the simulated values calaclated using the Yeoh model and the experimental values is significant, follow by deviations of Mooney-Rivlin matel and Ogden model, but both the fitting effect and the computational accuracy of Ogden model are optimal. Therefore, the Ogden model is more suitable for analyzing the mechanical performance of the static stiffness characteristics of primary rubber springs in rail transit vehicle bogies.
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