某地铁车辆轴箱轴承失效故障分析及改进建议
赵伟龙梁学文
Failure Fault Analysis and Improvement Recommendations for Axlebox Bearing Failures in Metro Vehicle
ZHAO WeilongLIANG Xuewen
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作者信息:广州地铁集团有限公司，511400，广州
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Affiliation:Guangzhou Metro Group Co., Ltd., 511400, Guangzhou, China
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关键词:
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Key words:
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DOI:10.16037/j.1007-869x.2025.03.058
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中图分类号/CLCN:U270.33∶U231
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栏目/Col:应用技术
摘要:
［目的］地铁车辆轴箱轴承失效会造成轮对卡滞，轻则清客、救援，重则导致车辆堵塞区间甚或造成出轨事故，严重影响到车辆的服务水平和运营安全。某地铁线路在运营过程中曾出现2次轴承失效问题，需要对其失效原因进行深入分析。［方法］对失效的轴箱轴承部件状态进行了采样分析，对维修及使用过程进行追溯，以及对同批次、同使用条件下的轴承开展了振动、温度、影像等跟踪测试，同时对轴承及附属部件安装结构和配合尺寸等方面进行了系统分析。［结果及结论］分析结果表明，轴端接地装置绝缘板加工倒角超出设计尺寸上限，导致接合面密封不良，车辆运营过程中空调冷凝水沿接合面进入轴箱轴承，引起润滑油脂乳化变质、润滑能力下降，使轴承发热失效。
Abstracts:
［Objective］ Axlebox bearing failures in metro vehicles can lead to wheelset seizing, resulting in scenarios ranging from passenger evacuation and vehicle rescue to severe incidents such as interval blockages or even derailments. These failures significantly compromise vehicle service performance and operational safety. A particular metro line experiences two instances of bearing failure during operation, necessitating an in-depth analysis of the root causes. ［Method］ A detailed sampling analysis is conducted on the failure axlebox bearing components. Retrospective checking of the maintenance and operational processes are traced, and tracking tests are conducted on vibration, temperature, and imaging of bearings from the same batch under same operating conditions. Additionally, a systematic analysis is conducted on the installation structure and fitting dimensions of the bearings and the auxiliary components. ［Result & Conclusion］ The analysis results reveal that the chamfering of the insulation board in the axle-end grounding device exceeds the upper design limit, leading to poor sealing at the joint surface. During vehicle operation, air-conditioning condensate infiltrates the axlebox bearings along the joint surface, causing emulsification and degradation of the lubricant, which results in reduced lubrication performance, bearing overheating and eventual bearing failure.
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