新时期城市轨道交通资金资源平衡路径探索实践
樊丽
Exploration and Practice of Funding-resource Balancing Pathways for Urban Rail Transit in the New Era
FAN Li
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作者信息:深圳市龙华区更新整备事务中心， 518110， 深圳
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Affiliation:Longhua District Refurbishment and Readiness Affairs Center of Shenzhen City, 518110, Shenzhen, China
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Key words:
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DOI:10.16037/j.1007-869x.20241433
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中图分类号/CLCN:F530.31
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栏目/Col:规划与投融资
摘要:
［目的］随着城市化进程加速，城市轨道交通成为缓解交通压力、优化城市空间布局的关键基础设施。然而，面对其建设运营所需的巨额资金投入，在当前财政资金紧张、土地资源稀缺及地方债务严格管控的严峻形势下，传统资金运作模式难以为继，探索可持续的资金资源平衡路径迫在眉睫。为破解这一难题，需探索实践新时期城市轨道交通资金资源平衡路径。［方法］以市-区共担机制下区级政府的出资责任为切入点，在系统性分析区级政府财政责任和承受能力基础上，对城市轨道交通沿线土地资源进行系统梳理，创新性地提出土地资源分级分类精准筛选策略，建立了相关土地一级和二级开发财务分析模型。该模型充分考量土地开发成本、收益预期及市场风险，确保资金运作的可行性与可持续性。同时，以最大化发挥城市轨道交通对沿线经济社会发展的带动效益为目标，形成一整套城市轨道交通资金资源平衡路径。［结果及结论］以A市B区的实践为例，通过合理搭配不同类型地块，实现了城市轨道交通建设资金的有效募集，不仅减轻了财政压力，还促进了沿线土地增值和区域经济发展，为支持城市轨道交通建设资金募集和可持续发展提供参考。
Abstracts:
［Objective］ With accelerated urbanization, URT (urban rail transit) has become critical infrastructure for alleviating traffic congestion and optimizing urban spatial layout. However, traditional funding models struggle to sustain the massive investments required for URT construction and operation under current challenges such as fiscal constraints, scarce land resources, and stringent local debt controls. Exploring sustainable funding-resource balancing pathways is imperative. To address this challenge, practical approaches for balancing funds and resources in URT development during the New Era are studied. ［Method］ Focusing on district-level government funding responsibilities within the municipal-district co-sharing mechanism, with systematic analysis of the fiscal obligations and affordability at district government level, land resources along URT routes are comprehensively sorted, a precision screening strategy for hierarchical land resource classification is innovatively proposed, and a financial analysis model for primary and secondary land developments is established, incorporating land development costs, revenue projections, and market risks to ensure the funding feasibility and sustainability. Concurrently, a set of integrated URT funding-resource balancing pathways is developed, aiming at maximizing URT catalytic effects on economic and social development along the rail transit lines. ［Result & Conclusion］ Taking District B in City A for case study, effective fundraising for URT construction is achieved through rational allocation of different plot types. This approach not only mitigates fiscal pressure but also stimulates land value appreciation and regional economic growth along rail transit lines, providing valuable references for URT fundraising solutions and sustainable development.
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