不同季节对地铁车厢送回风环境下火灾探测影响的仿真研究
李行1周汛1罗江果1杨贵森1陆童2陈长坤2
Simulation Study of Seasonal Variations Impact on Fire Detection in Subway Carriage Supply-Return Airflow Environments
LI Hang1ZHOU Xun1LUO Jiangguo1YANG Gunsen1LU Tong2CHEN Changkun2
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作者信息:1.重载快捷大功率电力机车全国重点实验室， 中车株洲电力机车有限公司， 100084， 株洲
2.中南大学防灾科学与安全技术研究所， 410075， 长沙
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Affiliation:1.The State Key Laboratory of Heavy-Duty and Express High-Power Electric Locomotive, CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive Co., Ltd., 100084, Zhuzhou, China
2.Institute of Disaster Prevention Science and Safety Technology, Central South University, 410075, Changsha, China
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关键词:
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Key words:
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DOI:10.16037/j.1007－869x.20231068
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中图分类号/CLCN:U231
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栏目/Col:机电设备
摘要:
［目的］地铁车厢火灾事故往往会造成重大生命财产损失，地铁车厢火灾早期探测可有效保障人员的生命安全，有必要开展不同季节地铁车厢送回风环境下的火灾早期探测研究。［方法］建立了全尺寸地铁车厢数值仿真模型及包含送风系统、废排系统、回风系统的空调系统，分析了地铁车厢在自然通风、不同季节正常运营通风及车厢火灾三种场景下，不同季节空调系统送回风对地铁车厢内流场以及火灾早期探测的影响。［结果及结论］地铁车厢不同季节运营通风下的内流场特征具有较大差异；冬季风模式下向车厢内供暖，在稳定时刻形成车厢上下层不同温度的气流场分层循环流动，而夏季风模式下向车厢内部供冷，稳定时刻车厢内部气流场相比冬季风较均匀；火灾发生时，夏季风模式下的火灾烟气具有更快的烟气层沉降速度，而冬季风模式下的火灾烟气具有向车厢两侧更快的蔓延速度；所建数值仿真模型中，夏季风模式相比冬季风模式所需的火灾响应时间更短。
Abstracts:
［Objective］ Subway carriage fire accidents often cause heavy loss of life and property, while the early detection of subway carriage fire can effectively ensure passenger′s lives. It is necessary to conduct research on this issue in different seasons under the environment of supply-return air. ［Method］ A full-scale subway carriage numerical simulation model and an HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning) system including an air supply system, an exhaust system, and a return air system is established. Referring to three scenarios of natural ventilation, normal operation ventilation in different seasons, and carriage fires, the influence of HVAC system supply-return air in different seasons on the subway carriage airflow field and the fire early detection is analyzed. ［Result & Conclusion］ The characteristics of the subway carriage internal airflow field vary significantly under different seasonal operational ventilation. In the winter wind mode, heating is supplied to the carriages, resulting in stratified circulation of air with different temperatures between the upper and lower layers of the carriage during the stable period. Conversely, in the summer wind mode, cooling is provided to the interior of the carriages, resulting in a relatively uniform airflow pattern during the stable period compared to the winter wind mode. During a fire incident, smoke generated in the summer wind mode exhibits a faster smoke layer descent rate, while in the winter wind mode, the smoke spreads in a faster speed towards the sides of the carriages. As seen in the established model, the summer wind mode requires a shorter fire response time compared to the winter wind mode.
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