青岛地铁8号线复杂环境长大过海隧道设计关键技术
吴昊
Key Design Technologies for Qingdao Metro Line 8 Longlarge Undersea Tunnel in Complex Environment
WU Hao
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作者信息:中铁第六勘察设计院集团有限公司， 300308， 天津
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Affiliation:China Railway Liuyuan Group Co., Ltd., 300308, Tianjin, China
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关键词:
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Key words:
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DOI:10.16037/j.1007-869x.2023.07.031
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中图分类号/CLCN:U455.4∶U459.5； U452.2+5
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栏目/Col:施工技术
摘要:
目的：地铁长大区间海底隧道穿海距离长，地质条件和海域环境较为复杂，其设计难度大、施工风险高，可参考工程案例及施工经验匮乏，应对地铁长大过海区间土建、通风防灾、给排水及消防等设计关键技术进行深化研究。方法：基于青岛地铁8号线(以下简称“8号线”)海底区间隧道的工程概况、地质条件、海域环境及设计标准，对盾构法、矿山法、沉管法和堰筑明挖法等4种施工方法进行比选。在确定施工方法的基础上，进一步对该工程穿越大型海底断层破碎带施工、泥水盾构在海底高水压复杂地层中长距离掘进、海域段软弱地层联络通道施工等海底复杂地质情况制定了应对措施，提出了通风防灾、给排水及消防等方面的设计关键技术，并创新性地提出了采用机械顶管法修建海底联络通道、海底高水压饱和气体带压换刀等设计理念。结果及结论：单一施工方法难以满足地铁长大海底隧道复杂多变的地质，可根据不同施工方法对海底地质的应对能力采用组合工法修建海底隧道。
Abstracts:
Objective: Metro longlarge interval undersea tunnel features long seacrossing distance complex geological conditions and marine environment. The tunnel design is difficult, construction has high risks, and is in great need of referable engineering cases or construction experiences. Thus it is necessary to carry out indepth research on key design technologies for the metro longlarge undersea interval such as civil engineering, ventilation, disaster prevention, water supply and drainage, and fire protection. Method: Based on the engineering overview, geological conditions, marine environment, and design standards of Qingdao Metro Line 8 (hereinafter referred to as ′Line 8′) undersea interval tunnel, four construction methods are compared and selected, including shield tunneling method, mining method, immersed tube method, and cofferdam openexcavation method. Upon determining the construction method, responsive measures are further formulated according to the complex geological conditions of the seabed, including the construction crossing large undersea fault fracture zones, longdistance excavation in highpressure and complex stratum using slurry shield tunneling, and the construction of undersea section link passage in soft stratum. Key design technologies in ventilation, disaster prevention, water supply and drainage, and fire protection are proposed. Design concepts are innovatively proposed, including the use of mechanical pipe jacking method to build undersea link passage, and cutter replacement under pressure by undersea high waterpressure saturated gas. Result & Conclusion: It is difficult to deal with the complex and everchanging geological conditions of metro longlarge undersea tunnels by one construction method. It is recommended to adopt different construction methods according to their responsive capabilities to the undersea geological conditions and build undersea tunnel with combined construction plan.
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