基于NFPA130：2023《固定导轨交通和客运铁路系统标准》的地铁列车人员疏散模型
刘彦彤田鑫孙勇张术
Metro Train Passenger Evacuation Model Based on NFPA 130:2023 Standard for Fixed Guideway Transit and Passenger RailSystems
LIU YantongTIAN XinSUN YongZHANG Shu
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作者信息:中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司国家轨道客车工程研究中心，130062，长春
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Affiliation:National Engineering Research Center of Railway Vehicles, CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co., Ltd., 130062, Changchun, China
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Key words:
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DOI:10.16037/j.1007-869x.2025.02.003
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中图分类号/CLCN:U231.96
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栏目/Col:学术专论
摘要:
［目的］由于地铁列车空间相对狭小、载客量较大，其消防和生命安全问题在公共交通行业中备受关注。为了评估美国某城市铁路系统的地铁列车紧急疏散模型，根据NFPA(美国防火协会)编制的NFPA130：2023《固定导轨交通和客运铁路系统标准》中，关于地板结构耐火时间的设计要求，对比人员必要的疏散时间与可用疏散时间，验证列车防火设计的合理性。［方法］利用人员疏散能力模拟软件Pathfinder建立人员疏散模型，分析车内人员逃生至某安全位置的疏散时间，以及在不同紧急停车条件下不同编组列车的疏散时间。［结果及结论］两辆联挂列车在满载情况下的站台疏散时间小于1min。在隧道内，4辆及6辆编组列车的人员从列车内疏散至安全通道的时间分别为12min和17min。基于上述疏散时间，考虑制动时间后的总疏散用时仍小于地板结构耐火的30min，证明了地板结构耐火设计的合理性。
Abstracts:
［Objective］ Due to the relatively confined space and high passenger capacity of metro trains, fire safety and life protection are attracting significant attentions in the public transportation industry. To evaluate the emergency evacuation model of metro train in a certain American city rail system, the design requirements for floor structure fire resistance time, as specified in the NFPA 130:2023 Standard for Fixed Guideway Transit and Passenger Rail Systems issued by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), are adopted. The required evacuation time (RET) of passengers is compared with the available safe evacuation time (ASET) to verify the feasibility of the train fire protection design. ［Method］ Using the passenger evacuation capacity simulation software Pathfinder, an evacuation model is established to analyze the time required for passengers to escape from the train to a designated safe location, and the evacuation time from trains of different formations under various emergency stop conditions. ［Result & Conclusion］ The evacuation time to platform from two coupled trains under full-load conditions is less than 1 minute. In tunnels, the evacuation time for passengers from 4-car and 6-car train formations to the safe passage are 12 to 17 minutes respectively. Based on the aforementioned evacuation time, the total evacuation time including braking remains under the 30-minute threshold for floor structure fire resistance, proving the feasibility of the floor structure fire resistance design.
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