有轨电车碰撞仿真建模技术及耐撞性研究
孔琳皓1肖守讷1朱涛1张敬科1丁浩谞1梁朝纬2
Research on Collision Simulation Modeling Technology and Crashworthiness of Trams
KONG Linhao1XIAO Shoune1ZHU Tao1ZHANG Jingke1DING Haoxu1LIANG Chaowei2
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作者信息:1.西南交通大学轨道交通运载系统全国重点实验室，610031，成都
2.北京经纬恒润科技股份有限公司，200235，上海
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Affiliation:1.State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, Chengdu, China
2.Beijing Jingwei Hengrun Technology Co., Ltd., 200235, Shanghai, China
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关键词:
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Key words:
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DOI:10.16037/j.1007-869x.2025.03.013
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中图分类号/CLCN:U482.1
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栏目/Col:研究报告
摘要:
［目的］鉴于有轨电车与路面车辆共享道路使用权，由此引发的道路乘用车与有轨电车碰撞事故频发，故有必要对有轨电车碰撞仿真建模技术及耐撞性进行研究。［方法］选取某型号有轨电车作为研究样本，利用自主研发的碰撞仿真分析前处理模块，构建了有轨电车碰撞仿真分析模型，并针对乘用车侧面撞击有轨电车悬浮模块的情景进行了详细研究。［结果及结论］所开发的碰撞仿真分析前处理模块能够高效、便捷地构建有轨电车碰撞仿真分析模型，显著提升了建模效率。随着乘用车碰撞速度的提升及撞击点位置的升高，侧墙的横向入侵量呈现增大趋势。特别是在乘用车撞击角度介于90°~120°之间时，侧墙的横向入侵量达到最大值。最终，通过对侧墙截面进行优化设计，即在其中空区域填充泡沫铝材料，优化后的侧墙最大横向入侵量降低了42%，有效提升了有轨电车在侧面碰撞中的耐撞性能。
Abstracts:
［Objective］ Given that trams share rights of road with ground vehicles, the frequent occurrence of collisions between ground passenger vehicles and trams necessitates research into tram collision simulation modeling technology and crashworthiness. ［Method］ A specific tram model is selected as the research sample. Using a self-developed pre-processing module for collision simulation analysis, a simulation model for tram collisions is constructed. A detailed study is conducted on scenarios where a passenger vehicle collides with tram suspension module on the side. ［Result & Conclusion］ The developed pre-processing module for collision simulation analysis enables efficient and convenient construction of tram collision simulation analysis models, significantly improving modeling efficiency. As the collision speed of passenger vehicle increases and the impact point location elevates, the lateral intrusion amount on tram sidewall exhibits an increasing trend. Particularly when the impact angle from passenger vehicle ranges between 90° and 120°, the lateral intrusion amount on tram sidewall reaches its maximum. Finally, through optimized design of the sidewall cross-section, specifically by filling hollow areas with aluminum foam, the maximum lateral intrusion amount on tram sidewall after optimization is reduced by 42%, effectively enhancing the tram crashworthiness in side-collision scenarios.
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